Catalases

ABSTRACT

Catalase enzymes derived from bacterial from the genera Alcaligenese (Deleya) and Microscilla are disclosed. The enzymes are produced from native or recombinant host cells and can be utilized to destroy or detect hydrogen peroxide, e.g., in production of glyoxylic acid and in glucose sensors, and in processes where hydrogen peroxide is used as a bleaching or antibacterial agent, e.g. in contact lens cleaning, in bleaching steps in pulp and paper preparation and in the pasteurization of dairy products.

[0001] This invention relates to newly identified polynucleotides, polypeptides encoded by such polynucleotides, the use of such polynucleotides and polypeptides, as well as the production and isolation of such polynucleotides and polypeptides. More particularly, the polynucleotides and polypeptides of the present invention have been putatively identified as catalases.

[0002] Generally, in processes where hydrogen peroxide is a by-product, catalases can be used to destroy or detect hydrogen peroxide, e.g., in production of glyoxylic acid and in glucose sensors. Also, in processes where hydrogen peroxide is used as a bleaching or antibacterial agent, catalases can be used to destroy residual hydrogen peroxide, e.g. in contact lens cleaning, in bleaching steps in pulp and paper preparation and in the pasteurization of dairy products. Further, such catalases can be used as catalysts for oxidation reactions, e.g., epoxidation and hydroxylation.

[0003] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there are provided novel enzymes, as well as active fragments, analogs and derivatives thereof.

[0004] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there are provided isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding the enzymes of the present invention including mRNAs, CDNAS, genomic DNAs as well as active analogs and fragments of such enzymes.

[0005] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there are provided isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding mature polypeptides expressed by the DNA contained in ATCC Deposit No. ______.

[0006] In accordance with yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for producing such polypeptides by recombinant techniques comprising culturing recombinant prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic host cells, containing a nucleic acid sequence of the present invention, under conditions promoting expression of said enzymes and subsequent recovery of said enzymes.

[0007] In accordance with yet a further aspect of the present invention, there are also provided nucleic acid probes comprising nucleic acid molecules of sufficient length to specifically hybridize to a nucleic acid sequence of the present invention.

[0008] In accordance with yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for utilizing such enzymes, or polynucleotides encoding such enzymes, for in vitro purposes related to scientific research, for example, to generate probes for identifying similar sequences which might encode similar enzymes from other organisms by using certain regions, i.e., conserved sequence regions, of the nucleotide sequence.

[0009] In accordance with yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided antibodies to such catalases. These antibodies are as probes to screen libraries from these or other organisms for members of the libraries which could have the same catalase activity or a cross reactive activity.

[0010] These and other aspects of the present invention should be apparent to those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The following drawings are illustrative of an embodiment of the invention and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention as encompassed by the claims.

[0012]FIG. 1 shows the full-length DNA sequence and the corresponding deduced amino acid sequence for Alcaligenes (Deleya) aquamarinus Catalase-64CA2.

[0013]FIG. 2 shows the full-length DNA sequence and the corresponding deduced amino acid sequence for Microscilla furrvescens Catalase 53CA1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] In order to facilitate understanding of the following description and examples which follow certain frequently occurring methods and/or terms will be described.

[0015] The term “isolated” means altered “by the hand of man” from its natural state; i.e., if it occurs in nature, it has been changed or removed from its original environment, or both. For example, a naturally occurring polynucleotide, or a polypeptide naturally present in a living animal in its natural state is not ‘isolated’, but the same polynucleotide or polypeptide separated from the coexisting materials of its natural state is “isolated”, as the term is employed herein. For example, with respect to polynucleotides, the term isolated means that it is separated from the nucleic acid and cell in which it naturally occurs.

[0016] As part of or following isolation, such polynucleotides can be joined to other polynucleotides, such as DNAS, for mutagenesis, to form fusion proteins, and for propagation or expression in a host, for instance. The isolated polynucleotides, alone or joined to other polynucleotides such as vectors, can be introduced into host cells, in culture or in whole organisms. Introduced into host cells in culture or in whole organisms, such polynucleotides still would be isolated, as the term is used herein, because they would not be in their naturally occurring form or environment. Similarly, the polynucleotides and polypeptides may occur in a composition, such as a media formulation (solutions for introduction of polynucleotides or polypeptides, for example, into cells or compositions or solutions for chemical or enzymatic reactions which are not naturally occurring compositions) and, therein remain isolated polynucleotides or polypeptides within the meaning of that term as it is employed herein.

[0017] The term “ligation” refers to the process of forming phosphodiester bonds between two or more polynucleotides, which most often are double stranded DNAS. Techniques for ligation are well known to the art and protocols for ligation are described in standard laboratory manuals and references, such as, for instance, Sambrook et al., MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd Ed.; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989).

[0018] The term “gene” means the segment of DNA involved in 4 producing a polypeptide chain; it includes regions preceding and following the coding region (leader and trailer) as well as intervening sequences (introns) between individual coding segments (exons).

[0019] A coding sequence is “operably linked to” another coding sequence when RNA polymerase will transcribe the two coding sequences into a single MRNA, which is then translated into a single polypeptide having amino acids derived from both coding sequences. The coding sequences need not be contiguous to one another so long as the expressed sequences ultimately process to produce the desired protein.

[0020] “Recombinant” enzymes refer to enzymes produced by recombinant DNA techniques; i.e., produced from cells transformed by an exogenous DNA construct encoding the desired enzyme. “Synthetic” enzymes are those prepared by chemical synthesis.

[0021] A DNA “coding sequence of” or a “nucleotide sequence encoding” a particular enzyme, is a DNA sequence which is transcribed and translated into an enzyme when placed under the control of appropriate regulatory sequences.

[0022] “Plasmids” are designated by a lower case “p” preceded and/or followed by capital letters and/or numbers. The starting plasmids herein are either commercially available, publicly available on an unrestricted basis, or can be constructed from available plasmids in accord with published procedures. In addition, equivalent plasmids to those described are known in the art and will be apparent to the ordinarily skilled artisan.

[0023] “Digestion” of DNA refers to catalytic cleavage of the DNA with a restriction enzyme that acts only at certain sequences in the DNA. The various restriction enzymes used herein are commercially available and their reaction conditions, cofactors and other requirements were used as would be known to the ordinarily skilled artisan. For analytical purposes, typically 1 μg of plasmid or DNA fragment is used with about 2 units of enzyme in about 20 μl of buffer solution. For the purpose of isolating DNA fragments for plasmid construction, typically 5 to 50 μg of DNA are digested with 20 to 250 units of enzyme in a larger volume. Appropriate buffers and substrate amounts for particular restriction enzymes are specified by the manufacturer. Incubation times of about 1 hour at 37° C. are ordinarily used, but may vary in accordance with the supplier's instructions. After digestion the reaction is electrophoresed directly on a polyacrylamide gel to isolate the desired fragment.

[0024] Size separation of the cleaved fragments is performed using 8 percent polyacrylamide gel described by Goeddel et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 8:4057 (1980). 100251 “Oligonucleotides” refers to either a single stranded polydeoxynucleotide or two complementary polydeoxynucleotide strands which may be chemically synthesized. Such synthetic oliaonucleotides have no 5′ phosphate and thus will not ligate to another oligonucleotide without adding a phosphate with an ATP in the presence of a kinase. A synthetic oligonucleotide will ligate to a fragment that has not been dephosphorylated.

[0025] “Ligation” refers to the process of forming phosphodiester bonds between two double stranded nucleic acid fragments (Maniatis, T., et al., Id., p. 146). Unless otherwise provided, ligation may be accomplished using known buffers and conditions with 10 units of T4 DNA ligase (“ligase”) per 0.5 μg of approximately equimolar amounts of the DNA fragments to be ligated.

[0026] Unless otherwise stated, transformation was performed as described in Sambrook and Maniatis, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1989.

[0027] In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there are provided isolated nucleic acids (polynucleotides) which encode for the mature enzyme having the deduced amino acid sequence of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO: 7).

[0028] In accordance with another aspect of the present Invention, there are provided isolated nucleic acids (polynucleotides) which encode for the mature enzyme having the deduced amino acid sequence of FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO: 9).

[0029] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an isolated polynucleotide encoding the enzyme of the present invention. The deposited material is a genomic clone comprising DNA encoding an enzyme of the present invention. As deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852, USA, the deposited material is assigned ATCC Deposit No. ______.

[0030] The deposit has been made under the terms of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Micro—organisms for Purposes of Patent Procedure. The clone will be irrevocably (without restriction or condition) released to the public upon the issuance of a patent. This deposit is provided merely as convenience to those of skill in the art and is not an admission that a deposit would be required under 35 U.S.C. §112. The sequence of the polynucleotide contained in the deposited material, as well as the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide encoded thereby, are controlling in the event of any conflict with any description of sequences herein. A license may be required to make, use or sell the deposited material, and no such license is hereby granted.

[0031] The polynucleotides of this invention were originally recovered from a genomic gene library derived from two sources. The first, Alcaligenes (Delaya) aquanwrinus, is a β-Proteobacteria. It is a gram-negative rod that grows optimally at 260° C. and pH 7.2. The second, Microscilla furvescens, is a Cytophagales (Bacteria) isolated from Samoa. It is a gram-negative rod with gliding motility that grows optimally at 300° C. and pH 7.0.

[0032] With respect to Alcaligenes (Delaya) aquamarinus, the protein with the closest amino acid sequence identity of which the inventors are currently aware is the Microscilla furvescens catalase (59.5% protein identity; 60% DNA identity). The next closest is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase (KatG), with a 54% protein identity.

[0033] With respect to Microscilla furvescens, the protein with the closest amino acid sequence identity of which the inventors are currently aware is catalase I of Bacillus stearothermophilus, which has a 69% amino acid identity.

[0034] Accordingly, the polynucleotides and enzymes encoded thereby are identified by the organism from which they were isolated. Such are sometimes referred to below as “64CA2” (FIG. 1 and SEQ ID NOS: 6 and 7) and “53CA1” (FIG. 2 and SEQ ID NOS: 8 and 9).

[0035] One means for isolating the nucleic acid molecules encoding the enzymes of the present invention is to probe a gene library with a natural or artificially designed probe using art recognized procedures (see, for example: Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubel F. M. et al. (EDS.) Green Publishing Company Assoc. and John Wiley Interscience, New York, 1989, 1992). It is appreciated by one skilled in the art that the polynucleotides of SEQ ID NOS: 6 and 8, or fragments thereof (comprising at least 12 contiguous nucleotides), are particularly useful probes. Other particularly useful probes for this purpose are hybridizable fragments of the sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 6 and 8 (i.e., comprising at least 12 contiguous nucleotides).

[0036] With respect to nucleic acid sequences which hybridize to specific nucleic acid sequences disclosed herein, hybridization may be carried out under conditions of reduced stringency, medium stringency or even stringent conditions. As an example of oligonucleotide hybridization, a polymer membrane containing immobilized denatured nucleic acids is first prehybridized for 30 minutes at 45° C. in a solution consisting of 0.9 M NaCI, 50 mM NaH₂ P0₄, pH 7.0, 5.0 mM Na₂EDTA, 0.5% SDS, 10× Denhardt's, and 0.5 mg/mL polyriboadenylic acid. Approximately 2×10⁷ cpm (specific activity 4-9×10⁸ cpm/ug) of ³²P end-labeled oligonucleotide probe are then added to the solution. After 12-16 hours of incubation, the membrane is washed for 30 minutes at room temperature in 1X SET (150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris hydrochloride, pH 7.8, 1 mM Na₂EDTA) containing 0.5% SDS, followed by a 30 minute wash in fresh 1×SET at (Tm less 10° C.) for the oligonucleotide probe. The membrane is then exposed to auto-radiographic film for detection of hybridization signals.

[0037] Stringent conditions means hybridization will occur only if there is at least 90% identity, preferably at least 95% identity and most preferably at least 97% identity between the sequences. Further, it is understood that a section of a 100 bps sequence that is 95 bps in length has 95% identity with the 1090 bps sequence from which it is obtained. See J. Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2d Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989) which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Also, it is understood that a fragment of a 100 bps sequence that is 95 bps in length has 95% identity with the 100 bps sequence from which it is obtained.

[0038] As used herein, a first DNA (RNA) sequence is at least 70%and preferably at least 80% identical to another DNA (RNA) sequence if there is at least 70% and preferably at least a 80% or 90% identity, respectively, between the bases of the first sequence and the bases of the another sequence, when properly aligned with each other, for example when aligned by BLASTN.

[0039] The present invention relates to polynucleotides which differ from the reference polynucleotide such that the differences are silent, for example, the amino acid sequence encoded by the polynucleotides is the same. The present invention also relates to nucleotide changes which result in amino acid substitutions, additions, deletions, fusions and truncations in the polypeptide encoded by the reference polynucleotide. In a preferred aspect of the invention these polypeptides retain the same biological action as the polypeptide encoded by the reference polynucleotide.

[0040] The polynucleotides of this invention were recovered from genomic gene libraries from the organisms identified above. Gene libraries were generated from a Lambda ZAP II cloning vector (Stratagene Cloning Systems). Mass excisions were performed on these libraries to generate libraries in the pBluescript phagemid. Libraries were generated and excisions were performed according to the protocols/methods hereinafter described.

[0041] The polynucleotides of the present invention may be in the form of RNA or DNA, which DNA includes CDNA, genomic DNA, and synthetic DNA. The DNA may be double-stranded or single-stranded, and if single stranded may be the coding strand or non-coding (anti-sense) strand. The coding sequences which encodes the mature enzymes may be identical to the coding sequences shown in FIGS. 1-2 (SEQ ID NOS: 6 & 8) or may be a different coding sequence which coding sequence, as a result of the redundancy or degeneracy of the genetic code, encodes the same mature enzymes as the DNA of FIGS. 1-2 (SEQ ID NOS: 6 & 8).

[0042] The polynucleotide which encodes for the mature enzyme of FIGS. 1-2 (SEQ ID NOS: 7 & 9) may include, but is not limited to: only the coding sequence for the mature enzyme; the coding sequence for the mature enzyme and additional coding sequence such as a leader sequence or a proprotein sequence; the coding sequence for the mature enzyme (and optionally additional coding sequence) and non-coding sequence, such as introns or non-coding sequence 5′ and/or 3′ of the coding sequence for the mature enzyme.

[0043] Thus, the term “polynucleotide encoding an enzyme (protein)” encompasses a polynucleotide which includes only coding sequence for the enzyme as well as a polynucleotide which includes additional coding and/or non-coding sequence.

[0044] The present invention further relates to variants of the hereinabove described polynucleotides which encode for fragments, analogs and derivatives of the enzymes having the deduced amino acid sequences of FIGS. 1-2 (SEQ ID NOS: 7 & 9). The variant of the polynucleotide may be a naturally occurring allelic variant of the polynucleotide or a non-naturally occurring variant of the polynucleotide.

[0045] Thus, the present invention includes polynucleotides encoding the same mature enzymes as shown in FIGS. 1-2 (SEQ ID NOS: 7 & 9) as well as variants of such polynucleotides which variants encode for a fragment, derivative or analog of the enzymes of FIGS. 1-2 (SEQ ID NOS: 7 & 9). Such nucleotide variants include deletion variants, substitution variants and addition or insertion variants.

[0046] As hereinabove indicated, the polynucleotides may have a coding sequence which is a naturally occurring allelic variant of the coding sequences shown in FIGS. 1-2 (SEQ ID NOS: 6 & 8). As known in the art, an allelic variant is an alternate form of a polynucleotide sequence which may have a substitution, deletion or addition of one or more nucleotides, which does not substantially alter the function of tile encoded enzyme. Also, using directed and other evolution strategies, one may make very minor changes in DNA sequence which can result in major changes in function.

[0047] Fragments of the full length gene of the present invention may be used as hybridization probes for a CDNA or a genomic library to isolate the full length DNA and to isolate other DNAs which have a high sequence. similarity to the gene or similar biological activity. Probes of this type preferably have at least 10, preferably at least 15, and even more preferably at least 30 bases and may contain, for example, at least 50 or more bases. In fact, probes of this type having at least up to 150 bases or greater may be preferably utilized. The probe may also be used to identify a DNA clone corresponding to a full length transcript and a genomic clone or clones that contain the complete gene including regulatory and promotor regions, exons and introns. An example of a screen comprises isolating the coding region of the gene by using the known DNA sequence to synthesize an oligonucleotide probe. Labeled oligonucleotides having a sequence complementary or identical to that of the gene or portion of the gene sequences of the present invention are used to screen a library of genomic DNA to determine which members of the library the probe hybridizes to.

[0048] It is also appreciated that such probes can. be and are preferably labeled with an analytically detectable reagent to facilitate identification of the probe. Useful reagents include but are not limited to radioactivity, fluorescent dyes or enzymes capable of catalyzing the formation of a detectable product. The probes are thus useful to isolate complementary copies of DNA from other sources or to screen such sources for related sequences.

[0049] The present invention further relates to polynucleotides which hybridize to the hereinabove-described sequences if there is at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, and more preferably at least 95% identity between the sequences. (As indicated above, 70% identity would include within such definition a 70 bps fragment taken from a 100 bp polynucleotide, for example.) The present invention particularly relates to polynucleotides which hybridize under stringent conditions to the hereinabove-described polynucleotides. As herein used, the term “stringent conditions” means hybridization will occur only if there is at least 95% and preferably at least 97% identity between the sequences. The polynucleotides which hybridize to the hereinabove described polynucleotides in a preferred embodiment encode enzymes which either retain substantially the same biological function or activity as the mature enzyme encoded by the DNA of FIGS. 1-2 (SEQ ID NOS: 6 & 8). In referring to identity in the case of hybridization, as known in the art, such identity refers to the complementarity of two polynucleotide segments.

[0050] Alternatively, the polynucleotide may have at least 15 bases, preferably at least 30 bases, and more preferably at least 50 bases which hybridize to any part of a polynucleotide of the present invention and which has an identity thereto, as hereinabove described, and which may or may not retain activity. For example, such polynucleotides may be employed as probes for the polynucleotides of SEQ ID NOS: 6 & 8, for example, for recovery of the polynucleotide or as a diagnostic probe or as a PCR primer.

[0051] Thus, the present invention is directed to polynucleotides having at least a 70% identity, preferably at least 90% identity and more preferably at least a 95% identity to a polynucleotide which encodes the enzymes of SEQ ID NOS: 7 & 9 as well as fragments thereof, which fragments have at least 15 bases, preferably at least 30 bases, more preferably at least 50 bases and most preferably fragments having up to at least 150 bases or greater, which fragments are at least 90% identical, preferably at least 95% identical and most preferably at least 97% identical to any portion of a polynucleotide of the present invention.

[0052] The present invention further relates to enzymes which have the deduced amino acid sequences of FIGS. 1-9 (SEQ ID NOS: 28-36) as well as fragments, analogs and derivatives of such enzyme.

[0053] The terms “fragment,” “derivative” and “analog” when referring to the enzymes of FIGS. 1-9 (SEQ ID NOS. 28-36) means enzymes which retain essentially the same biological function or activity as such enzymes. Thus, an analog includes a proprotein which can be activated by cleavage of the proprotein portion to produce an active mature enzyme.

[0054] The enzymes of the present invention may be a recombinant enzyme, a natural enzyme or a synthetic enzyme, preferably a recombinant enzyme.

[0055] The fragment, derivative or analog of the enzymes of FIGS. 1-2 (SEQ ID NOS: 7 & 9) may be (i) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues are substituted with a conserved or non-conserved amino acid residue (preferably a conserved amino acid residue) and such substituted amino acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code, or (ii) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues includes a substituent group, or (iii) one in which the mature enzyme is fused with another compound, such as a compound to increase the half-life of the enzyme (for example, polyethylene glycol), or (iv) one in which the additional amino acids are fused to the mature enzyme, such as a leader or secretary sequence or a sequence which is employed for purification of the mature enzyme or a proprotein sequence. Such fragments, derivatives and analogs are deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.

[0056] The enzymes and polynucleotides of the present invention are preferably provided in an isolated form, and preferably are purified to homogeneity.

[0057] The present invention also relates to vectors which include polynucleotides of the present invention, host cells which are genetically engineered with vectors of the invention and the production of enzymes of the invention by recombinant techniques.

[0058] Host cells are genetically engineered (transduced or transformed or transfected) with the vectors of this invention which may be, for example, a cloning vector such as an expression vector. The vector may be, for example, in the form of a plasmid, a phage, etc. The engineered host cells can be cultured in conventional nutrient media modified as appropriate for activating promoters, selecting transformants or amplifying the genes of the present invention. The culture conditions, such as temperature, pH and the like, are those previously used with the host cell selected for expression, and will be apparent to the ordinarily skilled artisan.

[0059] The polynucleotides of the present invention may be employed for producing enzymes by recombinant techniques. Thus, for example, the polynucleotide may be included in any one of a variety of expression vectors for expressing an enzyme. Such vectors include chromosomal, nonchromosomal and synthetic DNA sequences, e.g., derivatives of SV40; bacterial plasmids; phage DNA; baculovirus; yeast plasmids; vectors derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA, viral DNA such as vaccinia, adenovirus, fowl pox virus, and pseudorabies. However, any other vector may be used as long as it is replicable and viable in the host.

[0060] The appropriate DNA sequence may be inserted into the vector by a variety of procedures. In general, the DNA sequence is inserted into an appropriate restriction endonuclease site(s) by procedures known in the art. Such procedures and others are deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art.

[0061] The DNA sequence in the expression vector is operatively linked to an appropriate expression control sequence(s) (promoter) to direct MRNA synthesis. As representative examples of such promoters, there may be mentioned: LTR or SV40 promoter, the E. coli. lac or trp, the phage lambda PL promoter and other promoters known to control expression of genes in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells or their viruses. The expression vector also contains a ribosome binding site for translation initiation and a transcription terminator. The vector may also include appropriate sequences for amplifying expression.

[0062] In addition, the expression vectors preferably contain one or more selectable marker genes to provide a phenotypic trait for selection of transformed host cells such as dihydrofolate reductase or neomycin resistance for eukaryotic cell culture, or such as tetracycline or ampicillin resistance in E. coli.

[0063] The vector containing the appropriate DNA sequence as hereinabove described, as well as an appropriate promoter or control sequence, may be employed to transform an appropriate host to permit the host to express the protein.

[0064] As representative examples of appropriate hosts, there may be mentioned: bacterial cells, such as E. coli, Streptomyces, Bacillus subtilis; fungal cells, such as yeast; insect cells such as Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9; animal cells such as CHO, COS or Bowes melanoma; adenoviruses; plant cells, etc. The selection of an appropriate host is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.

[0065] More particularly, the present invention also includes recombinant constructs comprising one or more of the sequences as broadly described above. The constructs comprise a vector, such as a plasmid or viral vector, into which a sequence of the invention has been inserted, in a forward or reverse orientation. In a preferred aspect of this embodiment, the construct further comprises regulatory sequences, including, for example, a promoter, operably linked to the sequence. Large numbers of suitable vectors and promoters are known to those of skill in the art, and are commercially available. The following vectors are provided by way of example; Bacterial: pQE70, pQE60, pQE-9 (Qiagen), pBluescript II KS(Stratagene), ptrc99a, pKK223-3, pDR540, pRIT2T (Pharmacia); Eukaryotic: _(P)XTI, pSG5 (Stratagene) pSVK3, _(P)BPV, _(P)MSG, _(P)SVL SV40 (Pharmacia). However, any other plasmid or vector may be used as long as they are replicable and viable in the host.

[0066] Promoter regions can be selected from any desired gene using CAT (chloramphenicol transferase) vectors or other vectors with selectable markers. Two appropriate vectors are pKK232-8 and pCM7. Particular named bacterial promoters include lacI, lacZ, T3, T7, gpt, lambda P_(R), P_(L) and trp. Eukaryotic promoters include CMV immediate early, HSV thymidine kinase, early and late SV40, LTRs from retrovirus, and mouse metallothionein-1. Selection of the appropriate vector and promoter is well within the level of ordinary skill in the art.

[0067] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to host cells containing the above-described constructs. The host cell can be a higher eukaryotic cell, such as a mammalian cell, or a lower eukaryotic cell, such as a yeast cell, or the host cell can be a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterial cell. Introduction of the construct into the host cell can be effected by calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-Dextran mediated transfection, or electroporation (Davis, L., Dibner, M., Baftey, I., Basic Methods in Molecular Biology, (1986)).

[0068] The constructs in host cells can be used in a conventional manner to produce the one product encoded by the recombinant sequence. Alternatively, the enzymes of the invention can be synthetically produced by conventional peptide synthesizers.

[0069] Mature proteins can be expressed in mammalian cells, yeast, bacteria, or other cells under the control of appropriate promoters. Cell-free translation systems can also be employed to produce such proteins using RNAs derived from the DNA constructs of the present invention. Appropriate cloning and expression vectors for use with prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts are described by Sambrook et at., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., (1989), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0070] Transcription of the DNA encoding the enzymes of the present invention by higher eukaryotes is increased by inserting an enhancer sequence into the vector. Enhancers are cisacting elements of DNA, usually about from 10 to 300 bp that act on a promoter to increase its transcription. Examples include the SV40 enhancer on the late side of the replication origin bp 100 to 270, a cytomegalovirus early promoter enhancer, the polyoma enhancer on the late side of the replication origin, and adenovirus enhancers.

[0071] Generally, recombinant expression vectors will include origins of replication and selectable markers permitting transformation of the host cell, e.g., the ampicillin resistance gene of E. coli and S. cerevisiae TRPI gene, and a promoter derived from a highly expressed gene to direct transcription of a downstream structural sequence. Such promoters can be derived from operons encoding glycolytic enzymes such as 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), α-factor, acid phosphatase, or heat shock proteins, among others. The heterologous structural sequence is assembled in appropriate phase with translation initiation and termination sequences, and preferably, a leader sequence capable of directing secretion of translated enzyme. Optionally, the heterologous sequence can encode a fusion enzyme including an N-terminal identification peptide imparting desired characteristics, e.g., stabilization or simplified purification of expressed recombinant product.

[0072] Useful expression vectors for bacterial use are constructed by inserting a structural DNA sequence encoding a desired protein together with suitable translation initiation and termination signals in operable reading phase with a functional promoter. The vector will comprise one or more phenotypic selectable markers and an origin of replication to ensure maintenance of the vector and to, if desirable, provide amplification within the host. Suitable prokaryotic hosts for transformation include E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and various species within the genera Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Staphylococcus, although others may also be employed as a matter of choice.

[0073] As a representative but nonlimiting example, useful expression vectors for bacterial use can comprise a selectable marker and bacterial origin of replication derived from commercially available plasmids comprising genetic elements of the well known cloning vector pBR322 (ATCC 37017). Such commercial vectors include, for example, pKK223-3 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden) and _(P)GEM1 (Promega Biotec, Madison, Wis., USA). These pBR322 “backbone” sections are combined with an appropriate promoter and the structural sequence to be expressed.

[0074] Following transformation of a suitable host strain and growth of the host strain to an appropriate cell density, the selected promoter is induced by appropriate means (e.g., temperature shift or chemical induction) and cells are cultured for an additional period.

[0075] Cells are typically harvested by centrifugation, disrupted by physical or chemical means, and the resulting crude extract retained for further purification.

[0076] Microbial cells employed in expression of proteins can be disrupted by any convenient method, including freeze-thaw cycling, sonication, mechanical disruption, or use of cell lysing agents, such methods are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0077] Various mammalian cell culture systems can also be employed to express recombinant protein. Examples of mammalian expression systems include the COS-7 lines of monkey kidney fibroblasts, described by Gluzman, Cell, 23:175 (1981), and other cell lines capable of expressing a compatible vector, for example, the C127, 3T3, CHO, HeLa and BHK cell lines. Mammalian expression vectors will comprise an origin of replication, a suitable promoter and enhancer, and also any necessary ribosome binding sites, polyadenylation site, splice donor and acceptor sites, transcriptional termination sequences, and 5′ flanking nontranscribed sequences. DNA sequences derived from the SV40 splice, and polyadenylation sites may be used to provide the required nontranscribed genetic elements.

[0078] The enzyme can be recovered and purified from recombinant cell cultures by methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography. Protein refolding steps can be used, as necessary, in completing configuration of the mature protein. Finally, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be employed for final purification steps.

[0079] The enzymes of the present invention may be a naturally purified product, or a product of chemical synthetic procedures, or produced by recombinant techniques from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host (for example, by bacterial, yeast, higher plant, insect and mammalian cells in culture). Depending upon the host employed in a recombinant production procedure, the enzymes of the present invention may be glycosylated or may be non-glycosylated. Enzymes of the invention may or may not also include an initial methionine amino acid residue.

[0080] Antibodies generated against the enzymes corresponding to a sequence of the present invention can be obtained by direct injection of the enzymes into an animal or by administering the enzymes to an animal, preferably a nonhuman. The antibody so obtained will then bind the enzymes itself. In this manner-, even a sequence encoding only a fragment of the enzymes can be used to generate antibodies binding the whole native enzymes. Such antibodies can then be used to isolate the enzyme from cells expressing that enzyme.

[0081] For preparation of monoclonal antibodies, any technique which provides antibodies produced by continuous cell line cultures can be used. Examples include the hybridoma technique (Kohler and Milstein, Nature, 256:495-497, 1975), the trioma technique, the human B-cell hybridoma technique (Kozbor et al., Immunology Today 4:72, 1983), and the EBV-hybridoma technique to produce human monoclonal antibodies (Cole et al., in Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 77-96, 1985).

[0082] Techniques described for the production of single chain antibodies (U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,778) can be adapted to produce single chain antibodies to immunogenic enzyme products of this invention. Also, transgenic mice may be used to express humanized antibodies to immunogenic enzyme products of this invention.

[0083] Antibodies generated against an enzyme of the present invention may be used in screening for similar enzymes from other organisms and samples. Such screening techniques are known in the art, for example, one such screening assay is described in Sambrook and Maniatis, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2d Ed.), vol. 2:Section 8.49, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1989, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0084] The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples; however, it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to such examples. All parts or amounts, unless otherwise specified, are by weight.

EXAMPLE 1 Production of the Expression Gene Bank

[0085] An E. coli catalase negative host strain CAT500 was infected with a phage solution containing sheared pieces of DNA from Alcaligenes (Deleya) aquanwrinus in pBluescript plasmid and plated on agar containing LB with ampicillin (100 μg/mL), methicillin (80 μg/mL) and kanamycin (100 μg/mL) according to the method of Hay and Short (Hay, B. and Short, J., J. Strategies, 5:16, 1992). The resulting colonies were picked with sterile toothpicks and used to singly inoculate each of the wells of 96-well microliter plates. The wells contained 250 μL of SOB media with 100 μg/mL ampicillin, 80 μg/mL methicillin, and (SOB Amp/Meth/Kan). The cells were grown overnight at 37° C. without shaking. This constituted generation of the “SourceGeneBank”; each well of the Source GeneBank thus contained a stock culture of E. coli cells, each of which contained a pBluescript plasmid with a unique DNA insert. Same protocol was adapted for screening catalase from Microscilla furvescens.

EXAMPLE 2

[0086] The plates of the Source GeneBank were used to multiply inoculate a single plate (the “Condensed Plate”) containing in each well 200 μL of SOB Amp/Meth/Kan. This step was performed using the High Density Replicating Tool (HDRT) of the Beckman Biomek with a 1% bleach, water, isopropanol, air-dry sterilization cycle in between each inoculation. Each well of the Condensed Plate thus contained 4 different pBluescript clones from each of the source library plates. Nine such condensed plates were prepared and grown for 16 h at 37° C.

[0087] One hundred (100) 1L of the overnight culture was transferred to the white polyfiltronic assay plates containing 100 μL Hepes/well. A 0.03% solution of hydrogen peroxide was made in 5% Triton and 20 μL of this solution was added to each well. The plates were incubated at room temperature for one hour. After an hour, 50 μL of 120 mM 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid and 1 unit of horseradish peroxidase were added to each well and the plates were incubated at room temperature for 1 hour. To quench the reaction, 50 μL of 1 M Tris-base was added to each well. The wells were excited on a fluorometer at 320 nm and read at 404 nm. A low value signified a positive catalase hit.

EXAMPLE 3 Isolation and Purification of the Active Clone

[0088] In order to isolate the individual clone which carried the activity, the Source GeneBank plates were thawed and the individual wells used to singly inoculate a new plate containing SOB Amp/Meth/Kan. As above the plate was incubated at 37° C. to grow the cells, and assayed for activity as described above. Once the active well from the source plate was identified, the cells from the source plate were streaked on agar with LB/Amp/Meth/Kan and grown overnight at 37° C. to obtain single colonies. Eight single colonies were picked with a sterile toothpick and used to singly inoculate the wells of a 96-well microliter plate. The wells contained 250 μL of SOB Amp/Meth/Kan. The cells were grown overnight at 37° C. without shaking. A 100 μL aliquot was removed from each well and assayed as indicated above. The most active clone was identified and the remaining 150 μL of culture was used to streak an agar plate with LB/Amp/Meth/Kan. Eight single colonies were picked, grown and assayed as above. The most active clone was used to inoculate 3 mL cultures of LB/Amp/Meth/Kan, which were grown overnight. The plasmid DNA was isolated from the cultures and utilized for sequencing.

EXAMPLE 4 Expression of Catalases

[0089] DNA encoding the enzymes of the present invention, SEQ ID NOS: 7 and 9, were initially amplified from a pBluescript vector containing the DNA by the PCR technique using the primers noted herein. The amplified sequences were then inserted into the respective PQE vector listed beneath the primer sequences, and the enzyme was expressed according to the protocols set forth herein. The 5′ and 3′ oligonucleotide primer sequences used for subcloning and vectors for the respective genes are as follows:

[0090]Atcaligenes(Deleya)aquamarinus catalse: (_(P)QET vector) 5′ Primer CCGAGAATTCATTAAAGAGGAGAAATTAACTATGAATAACGCATCCGCTGAC EcoR1 3′ Primer CGGAAAGCTTTTACGACGCGACGTCGAAACG HindIII

[0091]Microscilla furvescens catalase: (_(P)QET vector) 5′ Primer CCGAGAATTCATTAAAGAGGAGAAATTAACTATGGAAAATCACAAACACTCA EcoR1 3′ Primer CGAAGGTACCTTATTTCAGATCAAACCGGTC KpnI

[0092] The restriction enzyme sites indicated correspond to the restriction enzyme sites on the bacterial expression vector indicated for the respective gene (Qiagen, Inc. Chatsworth, Calif.). The _(P)QET vector encodes antibiotic resistance (Amp^(r)), a bacterial origin of replication (ori), an IPTG-regulatable promoter operator (P/O), a ribosome binding site (RBS), a 6-His tag and restriction enzyme sites.

[0093] The _(P)QET vector was digested with the restriction enzymes indicated. The amplified sequences were ligated into the respective _(P)QET vector and inserted in frame with the sequence encoding for the RBS. The native stop codon was incorporated so the genes were not fused to the His tag of the vector. The ligation mixture was then used to transform the E. coli strain UM255/pREP4 (Qiagen, Inc.) by electroporation. UM255/pREP4 contains multiple copies of the plasmid pREP4, which expresses the laci repressor and also confers Transformants were identified by their ability to grow on LB plates and ampicillin/kanamycin resistant colonies were selected. Plasmid DNA was isolated and confirmed by restriction analysis. Clones containing the desired constructs were grown overnight (O/N) in liquid culture in LB media supplemented with both Amp (100 μg/ml) and Kan (25 ug/ml). The O/N culture was used to inoculate a large culture at a ratio of 1:100 to 1:250. The cells were grown to an optical density 600 (O.D.⁶⁰⁰) of between 0.4 and 0.6. IPTG (“Isopropyl-B-D-thiogalacto pyranoside”) was then added to a final concentration of 1 mM. IPTG induces by inactivating the lacI repressor, clearing the P/O leading to increased gene expression. Cells were grown an extra 3 to 4 hours. Cells were then harvested by centrifugation.

[0094] The primer sequences set out above may also be employed to isolate the target gene from the deposited material by hybridization techniques described above.

Cited Literature

[0095] 1) U.S. Pat. No. 5,439,813, Aug. 8, 1995, Production of glyoxylic acid with glycolate oxidase and catalase immobilized on oxirane acrylic beads, Anton, D. L., Wilmington, Del., Dicosimo, R., Wilmington, Del., Gavagan, J. E., Wilmington, Del.

[0096] 2) U.S. Pat. No. 5,360,732, Nov. 1, 1994, Production of Aspergillus niger catalase-R, Berka, R. M., San Mateo, Calif., Fowler, T., Redwood City, Calif., Rey, M. W., San Mateo, Calif.

[0097] 3) U.S. Pat. No. 4,460,686, Jul. 17, 1984, Glucose oxidation with immobilized glucose oxidase-catalase, Hartrneier, W., Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany

[0098] 4) U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,650, Sep. 5, 1995, Composition for preventing the accumulation of inorganic deposits on contact lenses, Cafaro, D. P., Santa Ana, Calif.

[0099] 5) U.S. Pat. No. s5,362,647, Nov. 8, 1994, Compositions and methods for destroying hydrogen peroxide, Cook, J. N., Mission Viejo, Calif., Worsley, J. L., Irvine, Calif.

[0100] 6) U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,338, 1993, Cascione, A. S., Rapp, H.

[0101] 7) Patrick Dhaese, “Catalase: An Enzyme with Growing Industrial Potential” CHIMICA OGGIA/Chemistry Today, January/February, 1996.

[0102]

1 8 52 base pairs nucleic acid single linear pcr primer 1 CCGAGAATTC ATTAAAGAGG AGAAATTAAC TATGAATAAC GCATCCGCTG AC 52 31 base pairs nucleic acid single linear pcr primer 2 CGGAAAGCTT TTACGACGCG ACGTCGAAAC G 31 52 base pairs nucleic acid single linear pcr primer 3 CCGAGAATTC ATTAAAGAGG AGAAATTAAC TATGGAAAAT CACAAACACT CA 52 31 base pairs nucleic acid single linear pcr primer 4 CGAAGGTACC TTATTTCAGA TCAAACCGGT C 31 2262 base pairs nucleic acid double linear cDNA Coding Sequence 1...2259 5 ATG AAT AAC GCA TCC GCT GAC GAT CTA CAC AGT AGC TTG CAG CAA AGA 48 Met Asn Asn Ala Ser Ala Asp Asp Leu His Ser Ser Leu Gln Gln Arg 1 5 10 15 TGC AGA GCA TTT GTT CCC TTG GTA TCG CCA AGG CAT AGA GCA ATA AGG 96 Cys Arg Ala Phe Val Pro Leu Val Ser Pro Arg His Arg Ala Ile Arg 20 25 30 GAG AGA GCT ATG AGC GGT AAA TGT CCT GTC ATG CAC GGT GGT AAC ACC 144 Glu Arg Ala Met Ser Gly Lys Cys Pro Val Met His Gly Gly Asn Thr 35 40 45 TCG ACC GGT ACT TCC AAC AAA GAT TGG TGG CCG GAA GGG TTG AAC CTG 192 Ser Thr Gly Thr Ser Asn Lys Asp Trp Trp Pro Glu Gly Leu Asn Leu 50 55 60 GAT ATT TTG CAT CAG CAA GAT CGC AAA TCA GAC CCG ATG GAT CCG GAT 240 Asp Ile Leu His Gln Gln Asp Arg Lys Ser Asp Pro Met Asp Pro Asp 65 70 75 80 TTC AAC TAC CGT GAA GAA GTA CGC AAG CTC GAT TTC GAC GCG CTG AAG 288 Phe Asn Tyr Arg Glu Glu Val Arg Lys Leu Asp Phe Asp Ala Leu Lys 85 90 95 AAA GAT GTC CAC GCG TTG ATG ACC GAT AGC CAA GAG TGG TGG CCC GCT 336 Lys Asp Val His Ala Leu Met Thr Asp Ser Gln Glu Trp Trp Pro Ala 100 105 110 GAC TGG GGG CAC TAC GGC GGT TTG ATG ATC CGT ATG GCT TGG CAC TCC 384 Asp Trp Gly His Tyr Gly Gly Leu Met Ile Arg Met Ala Trp His Ser 115 120 125 GCT GGC ACC TAC CGT ATT GCT GAT GGC CGT GGG GGC GGT GGT ACC GGA 432 Ala Gly Thr Tyr Arg Ile Ala Asp Gly Arg Gly Gly Gly Gly Thr Gly 130 135 140 AGC CAG CGC TTT GCA CCG CTC AAC TCC TGG CCG GAC AAC GTC AGC CTG 480 Ser Gln Arg Phe Ala Pro Leu Asn Ser Trp Pro Asp Asn Val Ser Leu 145 150 155 160 GAT AAA GCG CGC CGT CTG CTG TGG CCG ATC AAG AAG AAG TAC GGC AAC 528 Asp Lys Ala Arg Arg Leu Leu Trp Pro Ile Lys Lys Lys Tyr Gly Asn 165 170 175 AAA ATC AGC TGG GCA GAC CTG ATG ATT CTG GCT GGC ACC GTG GCT TAT 576 Lys Ile Ser Trp Ala Asp Leu Met Ile Leu Ala Gly Thr Val Ala Tyr 180 185 190 GAG TCC ATG GGC TTA CCT GCT TAC GGC TTC TCT TTC GGC CGC GTC GAT 624 Glu Ser Met Gly Leu Pro Ala Tyr Gly Phe Ser Phe Gly Arg Val Asp 195 200 205 ATT TGG GAA CCC GAA AAA GAT ATC TAC TGG GGT GAC GAA AAA GAG TGG 672 Ile Trp Glu Pro Glu Lys Asp Ile Tyr Trp Gly Asp Glu Lys Glu Trp 210 215 220 CTG GCA CCT TCT GAC GAA CGC TAC GGC GAC GTG AAC AAG CCA GAG ACC 720 Leu Ala Pro Ser Asp Glu Arg Tyr Gly Asp Val Asn Lys Pro Glu Thr 225 230 235 240 ATG GAA AAC CCG CTG GCG GCT GTC CAA ATG GGT CTG ATC TAT GTG AAC 768 Met Glu Asn Pro Leu Ala Ala Val Gln Met Gly Leu Ile Tyr Val Asn 245 250 255 CCG GAA GGT GTT AAC GGC CAC CCT GAT CCG CTG AGA ACC GCA CAG CAG 816 Pro Glu Gly Val Asn Gly His Pro Asp Pro Leu Arg Thr Ala Gln Gln 260 265 270 GTA CTT GAA ACC TTC GCC CGT ATG GCG ATG AAC GAC GAA AAA ACC GCA 864 Val Leu Glu Thr Phe Ala Arg Met Ala Met Asn Asp Glu Lys Thr Ala 275 280 285 GCC CTC ACA GCT GGC GGC CAC ACC GTC GGT AAT TGT CAC GGT AAT GGC 912 Ala Leu Thr Ala Gly Gly His Thr Val Gly Asn Cys His Gly Asn Gly 290 295 300 AAT GCC TCT GCG TTA GCC CCT GAC CCA AAA GCC TCT GAC GTT GAA AAC 960 Asn Ala Ser Ala Leu Ala Pro Asp Pro Lys Ala Ser Asp Val Glu Asn 305 310 315 320 CAG GGC TTA GGT TGG GGC AAC CCC AAC ATG CAG GGC AAG GCA AGC AAC 1008 Gln Gly Leu Gly Trp Gly Asn Pro Asn Met Gln Gly Lys Ala Ser Asn 325 330 335 GCC GTG ACC TCG GGT ATC GAA GGT GCT TGG ACC ACC AAC CCC ACG AAA 1056 Ala Val Thr Ser Gly Ile Glu Gly Ala Trp Thr Thr Asn Pro Thr Lys 340 345 350 TTC GAT ATG GGC TAT TTC GAC CTG CTG TTC GGC TAC AAT TGG GAA CTG 1104 Phe Asp Met Gly Tyr Phe Asp Leu Leu Phe Gly Tyr Asn Trp Glu Leu 355 360 365 AAA AAG AGT CCT GCC GGT GCC CAC CAT TGG GAA CCG ATT GAC ATC AAC 1152 Lys Lys Ser Pro Ala Gly Ala His His Trp Glu Pro Ile Asp Ile Lys 370 375 380 AAG GAA AAC AAG CCG GTT GAC GCC AGC GAC CCC TCT ATT CGC CAC AAC 1200 Lys Glu Asn Lys Pro Val Asp Ala Ser Asp Pro Ser Ile Arg His Asn 385 390 395 400 CCG ATC ATG ACC GAT GCG GAT ATG GCG ATA AAG GTA AAT CCG ACC TAT 1248 Pro Ile Met Thr Asp Ala Asp Met Ala Ile Lys Val Asn Pro Thr Tyr 405 410 415 CGC GCT ATC TGC GAA AAA TTC ATG GCC GAT CCT GAG TAC TTC AAG AAA 1296 Arg Ala Ile Cys Glu Lys Phe Met Ala Asp Pro Glu Tyr Phe Lys Lys 420 425 430 ACT TTC GCG AAG GCG TGG TTC AAG CTG ACG CAC CGT GAC CTG GGC CCG 1344 Thr Phe Ala Lys Ala Trp Phe Lys Leu Thr His Arg Asp Leu Gly Pro 435 440 445 AAA TCA CGT TAC ATC GGC CCG GAA GTG CCG GCA GAA GAC CTG ATT TGG 1392 Lys Ser Arg Tyr Ile Gly Pro Glu Val Pro Ala Glu Asp Leu Ile Trp 450 455 460 CAA GAC CCG ATT CCG GCA GGT AAC ACC GAC TAC TGC GAA GAA GTG GTC 1440 Gln Asp Pro Ile Pro Ala Gly Asn Thr Asp Tyr Cys Glu Glu Val Val 465 470 475 480 AAG CAG AAA ATT GCA CAA AGT GGC CTG AGC ATT AGT GAG ATG GTC TCC 1488 Lys Gln Lys Ile Ala Gln Ser Gly Leu Ser Ile Ser Glu Met Val Ser 485 490 495 ACC GCT TGG GAC AGT GCC CGT ACT TAT CGC GGT TCC GAT ATG CGC GGC 1536 Thr Ala Trp Asp Ser Ala Arg Thr Tyr Arg Gly Ser Asp Met Arg Gly 500 505 510 GGT GCT AAC GGT GCC CGC ATT CGC TTG GCC CCA CAG AAC GAG TGG CAG 1584 Gly Ala Asn Gly Ala Arg Ile Arg Leu Ala Pro Gln Asn Glu Trp Gln 515 520 525 GGC AAC GAG CCG GAG CGC CTG GCG AAA GTG CTG AGC GTC TAC GAG CAG 1632 Gly Asn Glu Pro Glu Arg Leu Ala Lys Val Leu Ser Val Tyr Glu Gln 530 535 540 ATC TCT GCC GAC ACC GGC GCT AGC ATC GCG GAC GTG ATC GTT CTG GCC 1680 Ile Ser Ala Asp Thr Gly Ala Ser Ile Ala Asp Val Ile Val Leu Ala 545 550 555 560 GGT AGC GTA GGC ATC GAG AAA GCC GCG AAA GCA GCA GGT TAC GAT GTG 1728 Gly Ser Val Gly Ile Glu Lys Ala Ala Lys Ala Ala Gly Tyr Asp Val 565 570 575 CGC GTT CCC TTC CTG AAA GGC CGT GGC GAT GCG ACC GCC GAG ATG ACC 1776 Arg Val Pro Phe Leu Lys Gly Arg Gly Asp Ala Thr Ala Glu Met Thr 580 585 590 GAC GCA GAC TCC TTC GCA CCG CTG GAG CCG CTG GCC GAT GGC TTC CGC 1824 Asp Ala Asp Ser Phe Ala Pro Leu Glu Pro Leu Ala Asp Gly Phe Arg 595 600 605 AAC TGG CAG AAG AAA GAG TAT GTG GTG AAG CCG GAA GAG ATG CTG CTG 1872 Asn Trp Gln Lys Lys Glu Tyr Val Val Lys Pro Glu Glu Met Leu Leu 610 615 620 GAT CGT GCG CAG CTG ATG GGC TTA ACC GGC CCG GAA ATG ACC GTG CTG 1920 Asp Arg Ala Gln Leu Met Gly Leu Thr Gly Pro Glu Met Thr Val Leu 625 630 635 640 CTG GGC GGT ATG CGC GTA CTG GGC ACC AAC TAT GGT GGC ACC AAA CAC 1968 Leu Gly Gly Met Arg Val Leu Gly Thr Asn Tyr Gly Gly Thr Lys His 645 650 655 GGC GTA TTC ACC GAT TGT GAA GGC CAG TTG ACC AAC GAC TTT TTT GTG 2016 Gly Val Phe Thr Asp Cys Glu Gly Gln Leu Thr Asn Asp Phe Phe Val 660 665 670 AAC CTG ACC GAT ATG GGG AAC AGC TGG AAG CCG GTA GGT AGC AAC GCC 2064 Asn Leu Thr Asp Met Gly Asn Ser Trp Lys Pro Val Gly Ser Asn Ala 675 680 685 TAC GAA ATC CGC GAC CGC AAG ACC GGT GCC GTG AAG TGG ACC GCC TCG 2112 Tyr Glu Ile Arg Asp Arg Lys Thr Gly Ala Val Lys Trp Thr Ala Ser 690 695 700 CGG GTG GAT CTG GTA TTT GGT TCC AAC TCG CTA CTG CGC TCT TAC GCA 2160 Arg Val Asp Leu Val Phe Gly Ser Asn Ser Leu Leu Arg Ser Tyr Ala 705 710 715 720 GAA GTG TAC GCC CAG GAC GAT AAC GGC GAG AAG TTC GTC AGA GAC TTC 2208 Glu Val Tyr Ala Gln Asp Asp Asn Gly Glu Lys Phe Val Arg Asp Phe 725 730 735 GTC GCC GCC TGG ACC AAA GTG ATG AAC GCC GAC CGT TTC GAC GTC GCG 2256 Val Ala Ala Trp Thr Lys Val Met Asn Ala Asp Arg Phe Asp Val Ala 740 745 750 TCG TAA 2262 Ser 753 amino acids amino acid linear protein internal 6 Met Asn Asn Ala Ser Ala Asp Asp Leu His Ser Ser Leu Gln Gln Arg 1 5 10 15 Cys Arg Ala Phe Val Pro Leu Val Ser Pro Arg His Arg Ala Ile Arg 20 25 30 Glu Arg Ala Met Ser Gly Lys Cys Pro Val Met His Gly Gly Asn Thr 35 40 45 Ser Thr Gly Thr Ser Asn Lys Asp Trp Trp Pro Glu Gly Leu Asn Leu 50 55 60 Asp Ile Leu His Gln Gln Asp Arg Lys Ser Asp Pro Met Asp Pro Asp 65 70 75 80 Phe Asn Tyr Arg Glu Glu Val Arg Lys Leu Asp Phe Asp Ala Leu Lys 85 90 95 Lys Asp Val His Ala Leu Met Thr Asp Ser Gln Glu Trp Trp Pro Ala 100 105 110 Asp Trp Gly His Tyr Gly Gly Leu Met Ile Arg Met Ala Trp His Ser 115 120 125 Ala Gly Thr Tyr Arg Ile Ala Asp Gly Arg Gly Gly Gly Gly Thr Gly 130 135 140 Ser Gln Arg Phe Ala Pro Leu Asn Ser Trp Pro Asp Asn Val Ser Leu 145 150 155 160 Asp Lys Ala Arg Arg Leu Leu Trp Pro Ile Lys Lys Lys Tyr Gly Asn 165 170 175 Lys Ile Ser Trp Ala Asp Leu Met Ile Leu Ala Gly Thr Val Ala Tyr 180 185 190 Glu Ser Met Gly Leu Pro Ala Tyr Gly Phe Ser Phe Gly Arg Val Asp 195 200 205 Ile Trp Glu Pro Glu Lys Asp Ile Tyr Trp Gly Asp Glu Lys Glu Trp 210 215 220 Leu Ala Pro Ser Asp Glu Arg Tyr Gly Asp Val Asn Lys Pro Glu Thr 225 230 235 240 Met Glu Asn Pro Leu Ala Ala Val Gln Met Gly Leu Ile Tyr Val Asn 245 250 255 Pro Glu Gly Val Asn Gly His Pro Asp Pro Leu Arg Thr Ala Gln Gln 260 265 270 Val Leu Glu Thr Phe Ala Arg Met Ala Met Asn Asp Glu Lys Thr Ala 275 280 285 Ala Leu Thr Ala Gly Gly His Thr Val Gly Asn Cys His Gly Asn Gly 290 295 300 Asn Ala Ser Ala Leu Ala Pro Asp Pro Lys Ala Ser Asp Val Glu Asn 305 310 315 320 Gln Gly Leu Gly Trp Gly Asn Pro Asn Met Gln Gly Lys Ala Ser Asn 325 330 335 Ala Val Thr Ser Gly Ile Glu Gly Ala Trp Thr Thr Asn Pro Thr Lys 340 345 350 Phe Asp Met Gly Tyr Phe Asp Leu Leu Phe Gly Tyr Asn Trp Glu Leu 355 360 365 Lys Lys Ser Pro Ala Gly Ala His His Trp Glu Pro Ile Asp Ile Lys 370 375 380 Lys Glu Asn Lys Pro Val Asp Ala Ser Asp Pro Ser Ile Arg His Asn 385 390 395 400 Pro Ile Met Thr Asp Ala Asp Met Ala Ile Lys Val Asn Pro Thr Tyr 405 410 415 Arg Ala Ile Cys Glu Lys Phe Met Ala Asp Pro Glu Tyr Phe Lys Lys 420 425 430 Thr Phe Ala Lys Ala Trp Phe Lys Leu Thr His Arg Asp Leu Gly Pro 435 440 445 Lys Ser Arg Tyr Ile Gly Pro Glu Val Pro Ala Glu Asp Leu Ile Trp 450 455 460 Gln Asp Pro Ile Pro Ala Gly Asn Thr Asp Tyr Cys Glu Glu Val Val 465 470 475 480 Lys Gln Lys Ile Ala Gln Ser Gly Leu Ser Ile Ser Glu Met Val Ser 485 490 495 Thr Ala Trp Asp Ser Ala Arg Thr Tyr Arg Gly Ser Asp Met Arg Gly 500 505 510 Gly Ala Asn Gly Ala Arg Ile Arg Leu Ala Pro Gln Asn Glu Trp Gln 515 520 525 Gly Asn Glu Pro Glu Arg Leu Ala Lys Val Leu Ser Val Tyr Glu Gln 530 535 540 Ile Ser Ala Asp Thr Gly Ala Ser Ile Ala Asp Val Ile Val Leu Ala 545 550 555 560 Gly Ser Val Gly Ile Glu Lys Ala Ala Lys Ala Ala Gly Tyr Asp Val 565 570 575 Arg Val Pro Phe Leu Lys Gly Arg Gly Asp Ala Thr Ala Glu Met Thr 580 585 590 Asp Ala Asp Ser Phe Ala Pro Leu Glu Pro Leu Ala Asp Gly Phe Arg 595 600 605 Asn Trp Gln Lys Lys Glu Tyr Val Val Lys Pro Glu Glu Met Leu Leu 610 615 620 Asp Arg Ala Gln Leu Met Gly Leu Thr Gly Pro Glu Met Thr Val Leu 625 630 635 640 Leu Gly Gly Met Arg Val Leu Gly Thr Asn Tyr Gly Gly Thr Lys His 645 650 655 Gly Val Phe Thr Asp Cys Glu Gly Gln Leu Thr Asn Asp Phe Phe Val 660 665 670 Asn Leu Thr Asp Met Gly Asn Ser Trp Lys Pro Val Gly Ser Asn Ala 675 680 685 Tyr Glu Ile Arg Asp Arg Lys Thr Gly Ala Val Lys Trp Thr Ala Ser 690 695 700 Arg Val Asp Leu Val Phe Gly Ser Asn Ser Leu Leu Arg Ser Tyr Ala 705 710 715 720 Glu Val Tyr Ala Gln Asp Asp Asn Gly Glu Lys Phe Val Arg Asp Phe 725 730 735 Val Ala Ala Trp Thr Lys Val Met Asn Ala Asp Arg Phe Asp Val Ala 740 745 750 Ser 2238 base pairs nucleic acid double linear cDNA Coding Sequence 1...2235 7 ATG GAA AAT CAC AAA CAC TCA GGA TCT TCT ACG TAT AAC ACA AAC ACT 48 Met Glu Asn His Lys His Ser Gly Ser Ser Thr Tyr Asn Thr Asn Thr 1 5 10 15 GGC GGA AAA TGC CCT TTT ACC GGA GGT TCG CTT AAG CAA AGT GCA GGT 96 Gly Gly Lys Cys Pro Phe Thr Gly Gly Ser Leu Lys Gln Ser Ala Gly 20 25 30 GGC GGC ACC AAA AAC AGG GAT TGG TGG CCC AAC ATG CTC AAC CTC GGC 144 Gly Gly Thr Lys Asn Arg Asp Trp Trp Pro Asn Met Leu Asn Leu Gly 35 40 45 ATC TTA CGC CAA CAT TCA TCG CTA TCG GAC CCA AAC GAC CCG GAT TTT 192 Ile Leu Arg Gln His Ser Ser Leu Ser Asp Pro Asn Asp Pro Asp Phe 50 55 60 GAC TAT GCC GAA GAG TTT AAG AAG CTA GAT CTG GCA GCG GTT AAA AAG 240 Asp Tyr Ala Glu Glu Phe Lys Lys Leu Asp Leu Ala Ala Val Lys Lys 65 70 75 80 GAC CTG GCA GCG CTA ATG ACA GAT TCA CAG GAC TGG TGG CCA GCA GAT 288 Asp Leu Ala Ala Leu Met Thr Asp Ser Gln Asp Trp Trp Pro Ala Asp 85 90 95 TAC GGT CAT TAT GGC CCC TTC TTT ATA CGC ATG GCG TGG CAC AGC GCC 336 Tyr Gly His Tyr Gly Pro Phe Phe Ile Arg Met Ala Trp His Ser Ala 100 105 110 GGC ACC TAC CGT ATC GGT GAT GGC CGT GGT GGC GGT GGC TCC GGC TCA 384 Gly Thr Tyr Arg Ile Gly Asp Gly Arg Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser 115 120 125 CAG CGC TTC GCG CCT CTC AAT AGC TGG CCA GAC AAT GCC AAT CTG GAT 432 Gln Arg Phe Ala Pro Leu Asn Ser Trp Pro Asp Asn Ala Asn Leu Asp 130 135 140 AAA GCA CGC TTG CTT CTT TGG CCC ATC AAA CAA AAA TAC GGT CGA AAA 480 Lys Ala Arg Leu Leu Leu Trp Pro Ile Lys Gln Lys Tyr Gly Arg Lys 145 150 155 160 ATC TCC TGG GCG GAT CTA ATG ATA CTC ACA GGA AAC GTA GCT CTG GAA 528 Ile Ser Trp Ala Asp Leu Met Ile Leu Thr Gly Asn Val Ala Leu Glu 165 170 175 ACT ATG GGC TTT AAA ACT TTT GGT TTT GCA GGT GGC AGA GCA GAT GTA 576 Thr Met Gly Phe Lys Thr Phe Gly Phe Ala Gly Gly Arg Ala Asp Val 180 185 190 TGG GAG CCT GAA GAA GAT GTA TAC TGG GGA GCA GAA ACC GAA TGG CTG 624 Trp Glu Pro Glu Glu Asp Val Tyr Trp Gly Ala Glu Thr Glu Trp Leu 195 200 205 GGA GAC AAG CGC TAT GAA GGT GAC CGA GAG CTC GAA AAT CCC CTG GGA 672 Gly Asp Lys Arg Tyr Glu Gly Asp Arg Glu Leu Glu Asn Pro Leu Gly 210 215 220 GCC GTA CAA ATG GGA CTC ATC TAT GTA AAC CCC GAA GGA CCC AAC GGC 720 Ala Val Gln Met Gly Leu Ile Tyr Val Asn Pro Glu Gly Pro Asn Gly 225 230 235 240 AAG CCA GAC CCT ATC GCT GCT GCG CGT GAT ATT CGT GAG ACT TTT GGC 768 Lys Pro Asp Pro Ile Ala Ala Ala Arg Asp Ile Arg Glu Thr Phe Gly 245 250 255 CGA ATG GCA ATG AAT GAC GAA GAA ACC GTG GCT CTC ATA GCG GGT GGA 816 Arg Met Ala Met Asn Asp Glu Glu Thr Val Ala Leu Ile Ala Gly Gly 260 265 270 CAC ACC TTC GGA AAA ACC CAT GGT GCT GCC GAT GCG GAG AAA TAT GTG 864 His Thr Phe Gly Lys Thr His Gly Ala Ala Asp Ala Glu Lys Tyr Val 275 280 285 GGC CGA GAG CCT GCC GCC GCA GGT ATT GAA GAA ATG AGC CTG GGG TGG 912 Gly Arg Glu Pro Ala Ala Ala Gly Ile Glu Glu Met Ser Leu Gly Trp 290 295 300 AAA AAC ACC TAC GGC ACC GGA CAC GGT GCG GAT ACC ATC ACC AGT GGA 960 Lys Asn Thr Tyr Gly Thr Gly His Gly Ala Asp Thr Ile Thr Ser Gly 305 310 315 320 CTA GAA GGC GCC TGG ACC AAG ACC CCT ACT CAA TGG AGC AAT AAC TTT 1008 Leu Glu Gly Ala Trp Thr Lys Thr Pro Thr Gln Trp Ser Asn Asn Phe 325 330 335 TTT GAA AAC CTC TTT GGT TAC GAG TGG GAG CTT ACC AAA AGT CCA GCT 1056 Phe Glu Asn Leu Phe Gly Tyr Glu Trp Glu Leu Thr Lys Ser Pro Ala 340 345 350 GGA GCT TAT CAG TGG AAA CCA AAA GAC GGT GCC GGG GCT GGC ACC ATA 1104 Gly Ala Tyr Gln Trp Lys Pro Lys Asp Gly Ala Gly Ala Gly Thr Ile 355 360 365 CCG GAT GCA CAT GAT CCC AGC AAG TCG CAC GCT CCA TTT ATG CTC ACT 1152 Pro Asp Ala His Asp Pro Ser Lys Ser His Ala Pro Phe Met Leu Thr 370 375 380 ACG GAC CTG GCG CTG CGC ATG GAC CCT GAT TAC GAA AAA ATT TCT CGA 1200 Thr Asp Leu Ala Leu Arg Met Asp Pro Asp Tyr Glu Lys Ile Ser Arg 385 390 395 400 CGG TAC TAT GAA AAC CCT GAT GAG TTT GCA GAT GCT TTC GCG AAA GCA 1248 Arg Tyr Tyr Glu Asn Pro Asp Glu Phe Ala Asp Ala Phe Ala Lys Ala 405 410 415 TGG TAC AAA CTG ACA CAC AGA GAT ATG GGA CCA AAG GTG CGC TAC CTG 1296 Trp Tyr Lys Leu Thr His Arg Asp Met Gly Pro Lys Val Arg Tyr Leu 420 425 430 GGA CCA GAA GTG CCT CAG GAA GAC CTC ATC TGG CAA GAC CCT ATA CCA 1344 Gly Pro Glu Val Pro Gln Glu Asp Leu Ile Trp Gln Asp Pro Ile Pro 435 440 445 GAT GTA AGC CAT CCT CTT GTA GAC GAA AAC GAT ATT GAA GGC CTA AAA 1392 Asp Val Ser His Pro Leu Val Asp Glu Asn Asp Ile Glu Gly Leu Lys 450 455 460 GCC AAA ATC CTG GAA TCG GGA CTG ACG GTA AGC GAG CTG GTA AGC ACG 1440 Ala Lys Ile Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu Thr Val Ser Glu Leu Val Ser Thr 465 470 475 480 GCA TGG GCT TCT GCA TCT ACT TTT AGA AAC TCT GAC AAG CGC GGC GTG 1488 Ala Trp Ala Ser Ala Ser Thr Phe Arg Asn Ser Asp Lys Arg Gly Gly 485 490 495 GCC AAC GGT GCA CGT ATA CGA CTG GCC CCA CAA AAA GAC TGG GAA GTA 1536 Ala Asn Gly Ala Arg Ile Arg Leu Ala Pro Gln Lys Asp Trp Glu Val 500 505 510 AAC AAC CCT CAG CAA CTT GCC AGG GTA CTC AAA ACA CTA GAA GGT ATC 1584 Asn Asn Pro Gln Gln Leu Ala Arg Val Leu Lys Thr Leu Glu Gly Ile 515 520 525 CAG GAG GAC TTT AAC CAG GCG CAA TCA GAT AAC AAA GCA GTA TCG TTG 1632 Gln Glu Asp Phe Asn Gln Ala Gln Ser Asp Asn Lys Ala Val Ser Leu 530 535 540 GCC GAC CTG ATT GTG CTG GCC GGC TGT GCG GGT GTA GAA AAA GCT GCA 1680 Ala Asp Leu Ile Val Leu Ala Gly Cys Ala Gly Val Glu Lys Ala Ala 545 550 555 560 AAA GAT GCT GGC CAT GAG GTG CAG GTG CCT TTC AAC CCG GGA CGA GCG 1728 Lys Asp Ala Gly His Glu Val Gln Val Pro Phe Asn Pro Gly Arg Ala 565 570 575 GAT GCC ACC GCT GAG CAA ACC GAT GTG GAA GCT TTC GAA GCA CTA GAG 1776 Asp Ala Thr Ala Glu Gln Thr Asp Val Glu Ala Phe Glu Ala Leu Glu 580 585 590 CCA GCG GCT GAC GGC TTT AGA AAC TAC ATT AAA CCG GAG CAT AAA GTA 1824 Pro Ala Ala Asp Gly Phe Arg Asn Tyr Ile Lys Pro Glu His Lys Val 595 600 605 TCC GCT GAG GAA ATG CTC GTA GAC CGG GCG CAG CTT CTG TCG CTT TCG 1872 Ser Ala Glu Glu Met Leu Val Asp Arg Ala Gln Leu Leu Ser Leu Ser 610 615 620 GCA CCA GAA ATG ACT GCT TTG GTA GGC GGT ATG CGT GTA CTG GGC ACC 1920 Ala Pro Glu Met Thr Ala Leu Val Gly Gly Met Arg Val Leu Gly Thr 625 630 635 640 AAC TAC GAC GGT TCG CAG CAT GGA GTG TTT ACA AAT AAG CCG GGT CAG 1968 Asn Tyr Asp Gly Ser Gln His Gly Val Phe Thr Asn Lys Pro Gly Gln 645 650 655 CTA TCC AAT GAC TTC TTT GTA AAC CTG CTA GAC CTC AAC ACT AAA TGG 2016 Leu Ser Asn Asp Phe Phe Val Asn Leu Leu Asp Leu Asn Thr Lys Trp 660 665 670 CGA GCC AGC GAT GAA TCA GAC AAA GTT TTT GAA GGC AGA GAC TTC AAA 2064 Arg Ala Ser Asp Glu Ser Asp Lys Val Phe Glu Gly Arg Asp Phe Lys 675 680 685 ACT GGC GAA GTA AAG TGG AGT GGC ACC CGG GTA GAC CTG ATC TTC GGA 2112 Thr Gly Glu Val Lys Trp Ser Gly Thr Arg Val Asp Leu Ile Phe Gly 690 695 700 TCC AAT TCC GAG CTA AGA GCC CTC GCA GAA GTG TAC GGC TGT GCA GAT 2160 Ser Asn Ser Glu Leu Arg Ala Leu Ala Glu Val Tyr Gly Cys Ala Asp 705 710 715 720 TCT GAA GAA AAG TTT GTT AAA GAT TTT GTG AAG GCC TGG GCC AAA GTA 2208 Ser Glu Glu Lys Phe Val Lys Asp Phe Val Lys Ala Trp Ala Lys Val 725 730 735 ATG GAC CTG GAC CGG TTT GAT CTG AAA TAA 2238 Met Asp Leu Asp Arg Phe Asp Leu Lys 740 745 745 amino acids amino acid linear protein internal 8 Met Glu Asn His Lys His Ser Gly Ser Ser Thr Tyr Asn Thr Asn Thr 1 5 10 15 Gly Gly Lys Cys Pro Phe Thr Gly Gly Ser Leu Lys Gln Ser Ala Gly 20 25 30 Gly Gly Thr Lys Asn Arg Asp Trp Trp Pro Asn Met Leu Asn Leu Gly 35 40 45 Ile Leu Arg Gln His Ser Ser Leu Ser Asp Pro Asn Asp Pro Asp Phe 50 55 60 Asp Tyr Ala Glu Glu Phe Lys Lys Leu Asp Leu Ala Ala Val Lys Lys 65 70 75 80 Asp Leu Ala Ala Leu Met Thr Asp Ser Gln Asp Trp Trp Pro Ala Asp 85 90 95 Tyr Gly His Tyr Gly Pro Phe Phe Ile Arg Met Ala Trp His Ser Ala 100 105 110 Gly Thr Tyr Arg Ile Gly Asp Gly Arg Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser 115 120 125 Gln Arg Phe Ala Pro Leu Asn Ser Trp Pro Asp Asn Ala Asn Leu Asp 130 135 140 Lys Ala Arg Leu Leu Leu Trp Pro Ile Lys Gln Lys Tyr Gly Arg Lys 145 150 155 160 Ile Ser Trp Ala Asp Leu Met Ile Leu Thr Gly Asn Val Ala Leu Glu 165 170 175 Thr Met Gly Phe Lys Thr Phe Gly Phe Ala Gly Gly Arg Ala Asp Val 180 185 190 Trp Glu Pro Glu Glu Asp Val Tyr Trp Gly Ala Glu Thr Glu Trp Leu 195 200 205 Gly Asp Lys Arg Tyr Glu Gly Asp Arg Glu Leu Glu Asn Pro Leu Gly 210 215 220 Ala Val Gln Met Gly Leu Ile Tyr Val Asn Pro Glu Gly Pro Asn Gly 225 230 235 240 Lys Pro Asp Pro Ile Ala Ala Ala Arg Asp Ile Arg Glu Thr Phe Gly 245 250 255 Arg Met Ala Met Asn Asp Glu Glu Thr Val Ala Leu Ile Ala Gly Gly 260 265 270 His Thr Phe Gly Lys Thr His Gly Ala Ala Asp Ala Glu Lys Tyr Val 275 280 285 Gly Arg Glu Pro Ala Ala Ala Gly Ile Glu Glu Met Ser Leu Gly Trp 290 295 300 Lys Asn Thr Tyr Gly Thr Gly His Gly Ala Asp Thr Ile Thr Ser Gly 305 310 315 320 Leu Glu Gly Ala Trp Thr Lys Thr Pro Thr Gln Trp Ser Asn Asn Phe 325 330 335 Phe Glu Asn Leu Phe Gly Tyr Glu Trp Glu Leu Thr Lys Ser Pro Ala 340 345 350 Gly Ala Tyr Gln Trp Lys Pro Lys Asp Gly Ala Gly Ala Gly Thr Ile 355 360 365 Pro Asp Ala His Asp Pro Ser Lys Ser His Ala Pro Phe Met Leu Thr 370 375 380 Thr Asp Leu Ala Leu Arg Met Asp Pro Asp Tyr Glu Lys Ile Ser Arg 385 390 395 400 Arg Tyr Tyr Glu Asn Pro Asp Glu Phe Ala Asp Ala Phe Ala Lys Ala 405 410 415 Trp Tyr Lys Leu Thr His Arg Asp Met Gly Pro Lys Val Arg Tyr Leu 420 425 430 Gly Pro Glu Val Pro Gln Glu Asp Leu Ile Trp Gln Asp Pro Ile Pro 435 440 445 Asp Val Ser His Pro Leu Val Asp Glu Asn Asp Ile Glu Gly Leu Lys 450 455 460 Ala Lys Ile Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu Thr Val Ser Glu Leu Val Ser Thr 465 470 475 480 Ala Trp Ala Ser Ala Ser Thr Phe Arg Asn Ser Asp Lys Arg Gly Gly 485 490 495 Ala Asn Gly Ala Arg Ile Arg Leu Ala Pro Gln Lys Asp Trp Glu Val 500 505 510 Asn Asn Pro Gln Gln Leu Ala Arg Val Leu Lys Thr Leu Glu Gly Ile 515 520 525 Gln Glu Asp Phe Asn Gln Ala Gln Ser Asp Asn Lys Ala Val Ser Leu 530 535 540 Ala Asp Leu Ile Val Leu Ala Gly Cys Ala Gly Val Glu Lys Ala Ala 545 550 555 560 Lys Asp Ala Gly His Glu Val Gln Val Pro Phe Asn Pro Gly Arg Ala 565 570 575 Asp Ala Thr Ala Glu Gln Thr Asp Val Glu Ala Phe Glu Ala Leu Glu 580 585 590 Pro Ala Ala Asp Gly Phe Arg Asn Tyr Ile Lys Pro Glu His Lys Val 595 600 605 Ser Ala Glu Glu Met Leu Val Asp Arg Ala Gln Leu Leu Ser Leu Ser 610 615 620 Ala Pro Glu Met Thr Ala Leu Val Gly Gly Met Arg Val Leu Gly Thr 625 630 635 640 Asn Tyr Asp Gly Ser Gln His Gly Val Phe Thr Asn Lys Pro Gly Gln 645 650 655 Leu Ser Asn Asp Phe Phe Val Asn Leu Leu Asp Leu Asn Thr Lys Trp 660 665 670 Arg Ala Ser Asp Glu Ser Asp Lys Val Phe Glu Gly Arg Asp Phe Lys 675 680 685 Thr Gly Glu Val Lys Trp Ser Gly Thr Arg Val Asp Leu Ile Phe Gly 690 695 700 Ser Asn Ser Glu Leu Arg Ala Leu Ala Glu Val Tyr Gly Cys Ala Asp 705 710 715 720 Ser Glu Glu Lys Phe Val Lys Asp Phe Val Lys Ala Trp Ala Lys Val 725 730 735 Met Asp Leu Asp Arg Phe Asp Leu Lys 740 745 

What is claimed is:
 1. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide having at least 70% identity to a member selected from the group consisting of: (a) a polynucleotide encoding an enzyme comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group of amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 7 & 9; (b) a polynucleotide which is complementary to the polynucleotide of (a); and (c) a polynucleotide comprising at least 15 bases of the polynucleotide of (a) or (b).
 2. The polynucleotide of claim 1 wherein the polynucleotide is DNA.
 3. The polynucleotide of claim 1 wherein the polynucleotide is RNA.
 4. The polynucleotide of claim 2 which encodes an enzyme comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 7. 5. The polynucleotide of claim 2 which encodes an enzyme comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 9. 6. A vector comprising the DNA of claim
 2. 7. A host cell comprising the vector of claim
 14. 8. A process for producing a polypeptide comprising: expressing from the host cell of claim 7 a polypeptide encoded by said DNA.
 9. A process for producing a cell comprising: transforming or transfecting the cell with the vector of claim 6 such that the cell expresses the polypeptide encoded by the DNA contained in the vector.
 12. A method for catalyzing an oxidation reaction comprising: administering an effective amount of an enzyme selected from the group consisting of an enzyme having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 7 &
 9. 